Don't Be the 'Ctrl + Alt + Deleted' IT Person!
In today's tech-driven world, lawyers often double as their own IT person.
But let's not end up like this unfortunate "I.T. Guy" whose tombstone reads "Ctrl + Alt + Deleted."
Mastering tech is essential, but remember: your goal is to thrive in the digital age, not crash and burn. 🤪
WIll lawyers no longer have to struggle with multiple tabs and stacks of legal books as AI may rid the time-consuming nature of traditional web searches?
The advent of AI-driven search engines like ChatGPT*, Perplexity.AI* and Google Gemini has sparked discussions about the future of traditional web searching. These AI systems promise to revolutionize how information is accessed, but will they completely replace traditional search engines? More importantly, how will this shift impact the legal profession? 🧐
AI search engines leverage advanced language models to provide more intuitive and conversational search experiences. Unlike traditional search engines that rely on keyword matching, AI searches can understand context and nuances, offering more precise and relevant results. This capability allows users to obtain direct answers without sifting through multiple links, potentially reducing the need for traditional web searches.
For lawyers, the shift towards AI-driven search engines presents both opportunities and challenges:
An AI-powered search engine can provide instant, precise results, allowing lawyers to focus on strategic tasks rather than sifting through endless information.
Efficiency and Speed: AI tools can significantly reduce the time required for legal research by providing quick and accurate answers. This can enhance productivity and allow lawyers to focus more on strategic tasks rather than routine research.
Access to Information: AI systems can democratize access to legal information, making it easier for individuals to obtain legal advice without professional help. This could lead to an increase in pro se litigants, challenging the traditional lawyer-client dynamic.
Quality of Information: While AI systems can provide quick answers, the quality and reliability of these answers can vary. Lawyers must remain vigilant about verifying AI-generated information, as inaccuracies could have serious legal implications.
Ethical and Privacy Concerns: The use of AI in legal research raises ethical questions, particularly regarding data privacy and the potential for bias in AI-generated outputs. Lawyers must ensure that AI tools comply with legal standards and ethical guidelines.
Dependence on Technology: As AI becomes more integrated into legal practices, there is a risk of over-reliance on technology. Lawyers should maintain their critical thinking and analytical skills to interpret AI outputs effectively.
Impact on Employment: The automation of routine legal tasks through AI could lead to job displacement within the legal sector. However, it could also create new roles focused on managing and interpreting AI tools.
The New Legal Professional will likely have to Combine AI-driven efficiency with essential human skills like empathy and nuance.
Lawyers should take proactive steps to adapt to this technological evolution:
Embrace AI Tools: Understanding and integrating AI tools into legal practice can enhance efficiency and competitiveness. Familiarity with AI technologies will be crucial for future legal professionals.
Continuous Learning: It is essential to stay informed about advancements in AI and their implications for the legal field. Continuous professional development will help lawyers navigate the changing landscape.
Focus on Human Skills: While AI can handle routine tasks, human skills like empathy, negotiation, and complex problem-solving remain irreplaceable. Lawyers should focus on these areas to provide value beyond what AI can offer.
AI-driven search engines are poised to transform how information is accessed and utilized in the legal profession. While they offer numerous benefits, they also present challenges that require careful consideration. By embracing AI tools while maintaining a critical approach to their outputs, lawyers can harness the potential of AI to enhance their practice and better serve their clients.
Happy Lawyering!
MTC
This reminds lawyers of every tech-savvy lawyer's nightmare.
In a profession where time is money, technology hiccups like the Blue Screen of Death can feel more terrifying than anything else we face.
Make sure you back up your work!
there will be many Collaborative discussions on ABA Formal Opinion 512's impact on legal practice!
This post is a follow-up to last week's editorial on my experience with the AI sessions at the American Bar Association's (ABA) 2024 Annual meeting. Today, I'll delve deeper into ABA's Formal Opinion 512 and explore its implications for legal practitioners.
ABA's Formal Opinion 512 builds on several foundational Model Rules of Professional Conduct. These include:
Model Rule 1.1 (Competence): Lawyers must provide competent representation, which now explicitly includes understanding the benefits and risks associated with relevant technology.
Model Rule 1.6 (Confidentiality of Information): Lawyers must make reasonable efforts to prevent the inadvertent or unauthorized disclosure of, or unauthorized access to, information relating to the representation of a client.
Model Rule 5.3 (Responsibilities Regarding Nonlawyer Assistance): Lawyers must ensure that nonlawyer assistants, including AI tools, comply with the professional obligations of the lawyer.
Tech-savvy lawyer reviews ethical implications of AI under ABA Opinion 512.
Formal Opinion 512 emphasizes that competence in legal practice now extends to a lawyer's understanding and use of technology. Lawyers must stay informed about changes in technology that affect their practice areas. This includes:
Understanding AI Capabilities: Lawyers must understand the capabilities and limitations of AI tools they use.
Continuing Education: Lawyers should engage in ongoing education about technological advancements relevant to their practice.
The opinion underscores the importance of maintaining client confidentiality when using AI tools. Key points include:
Risk Assessment: Lawyers must assess the risks associated with using AI tools, particularly concerning data security and privacy.
Vendor Due Diligence: Lawyers should conduct due diligence on AI vendors to ensure they comply with confidentiality obligations.
Lawyers will be Debating AI ethics and compliance for the foreseeable future!
Lawyers are responsible for supervising the AI tools and ensuring they are used ethically. This includes:
Oversight: Lawyers must oversee the AI tools to ensure they are used appropriately and do not compromise ethical standards.
Accountability: Lawyers remain accountable for the outcomes of AI-assisted tasks, ensuring that AI tools do not replace human judgment.
Effective communication with clients about the use of AI is crucial. Lawyers should:
Inform Clients: Clearly inform clients about the use of AI tools in their cases.
Obtain Consent: Obtain informed consent from clients regarding the use of AI, especially when it involves sensitive data.
ABA's Formal Opinion 512 signals that AI is now essential in legal practice, but it also underscores the importance of maintaining ethical standards when using it.
ABA's Formal Opinion 512 is a significant step in ensuring that lawyers remain competent and ethical in an increasingly digital world. By emphasizing the need for technological proficiency, confidentiality, supervision, and clear communication, the ABA reinforces that staying updated with technology is not optional—it's a matter of maintaining one's bar license. Lawyers must embrace these guidelines to provide the best possible representation in the modern legal landscape.
In this second part of our conversation with Alexander Paykin, we dive deeper into the practical applications of technology in modern law practice. As a tech-savvy commercial litigator and managing director of The Law Office of Alexander Paykin, P.C., he shares invaluable insights on leveraging cutting-edge tools to enhance legal services.
Paykin explores the transformative power of cloud computing in law firms, discussing its benefits for collaboration and accessibility while addressing critical security concerns. He offers practical advice on implementing robust cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive client data and maintain ethical standards in the digital age.
Drawing from his experience and involvement with bar associations, Paykin provides actionable strategies for attorneys to streamline operations, improve client service, and drive growth through technology. He also looks ahead to emerging technologies shaping the future of legal practice.
This episode is a must-listen for attorneys seeking to harness technology's potential to stay competitive and deliver superior outcomes for clients in an ever-evolving legal landscape.
We discuss the following question and more!
What are the top three ways cloud computing has changed the way Alex's practice law?
What are the top three cybersecurity concerns that lawyers should be aware of when using cloud-based services?
What are the top three ways Alex sees technology continuing to shape the legal profession in the coming years?
Bonus question: What advice would you give to attorneys who are looking to adopt new technologies in their practice?
In this episode, we cover:
[02:15] - Cloud computing in law practice
[06:30] - Cybersecurity concerns and best practices for law firms
[11:45] - Client communication and collaboration tools
[15:30] - The future of legal technology and emerging trends
[20:00] - Advice for attorneys looking to adopt new technologies
[24:15] - The importance of continuous learning in legal tech
[28:00] - Closing thoughts and contact information for Alexander Paykin
RESOURCES
Connect with Alexander
LinkedIn - linkedin.com/in/alexanderpaykin/
Website - paykinlaw.net/
Hardware mentioned:
Mobile devices (implied in discussion about remote access) Link: https://www.apple.com/iphone/
Servers (for on-premises hosting) Link: https://www.dell.com/en-us/shop/servers-storage-and-networking/sf/poweredge-rack-servers
Software mentioned:
Adobe Sign (electronic signature software) Link: https://acrobat.adobe.com/us/en/sign.html
Clio (practice management software) Link: https://www.clio.com/
DocuSign (electronic signature software) Link: https://www.docusign.com/
Google Workspace (formerly G Suite) Link: https://workspace.google.com/
Microsoft 365 (formerly Office 365) Link: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365
Microsoft Teams (collaboration platform) Link: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-teams/group-chat-software
MyCase (practice management software) Link: https://www.mycase.com/
Rocket Matter (practice management software) Link: https://www.rocketmatter.com/
Slack (team communication platform) Link: https://slack.com/
Zoom (video conferencing software) Link: https://zoom.us/
an ipad can be a very productive tool in a lawyer’s tool belt! - But imho its still not a laptop replacement.
Recently, previous podcast guest, blogger at iPhone J.D. and co-host (with previous podcast guest Jeff Richardson) of In The News! was a guest on Tim Chaten's podcast iPad Pros! Jeff shares his love of Apple's mobile products as he and Tim discuss his insights on the transformative role of iPads in the legal field. As technology continues to evolve, attorneys are finding innovative ways to leverage these advancements to enhance their practice. Here’s some of Jeff's insights from the interview about how iPads are reshaping the landscape for tech-savvy lawyers.
Jeff's discussion highlights the iPad Pro as a pivotal tool for modern attorneys. Its versatility and power make it an ideal device for various legal tasks, from document review to courtroom presentations. The iPad Pro's portability allows lawyers to work efficiently from anywhere, whether they are in the office, at home, or on the go. This flexibility is crucial in today’s fast-paced legal environment, where the ability to access and manage information quickly can make a significant difference.
1. Enhanced Productivity with Multitasking Capabilities
iPaid Pros Podcast's Embedded Youtube Link of the interview with Jeff Richardson!
The iPad Pro's multitasking features enable attorneys to work on multiple documents simultaneously, which is particularly useful during research or when preparing for a case. The split-screen functionality allows lawyers to compare documents side-by-side, making it easier to spot discrepancies or gather information efficiently.
2. Seamless Integration with Legal Apps
The iPad Pro supports a wide range of legal-specific applications that streamline various tasks. Apps like PDF Expert and Goodnotes allow for easy annotation and organization of legal documents, while cloud-based services like Dropbox and iCloud ensure that files are accessible anytime, anywhere. This integration enhances collaboration among legal teams, allowing for real-time updates and seamless communication.
3. Superior Display and Presentation Tools
With its high-resolution display and powerful graphics, the iPad Pro is an excellent tool for presentations. Attorneys can use it to deliver compelling visual arguments in court, utilizing apps like Keynote or PowerPoint. The Apple Pencil further enhances this capability, allowing for precise annotations and drawings directly on the screen, which can be especially useful during trials or client meetings.
4. Robust Security Features
Security is a top priority for legal professionals, and the iPad Pro does not disappoint. With features like Face ID and encrypted storage, attorneys can ensure that sensitive client information remains protected. Additionally, the ability to remotely wipe data in case of loss or theft adds an extra layer of security, giving lawyers peace of mind.
5. Continuous Updates and Support
Will pen & Paper go the way of the dodo birds! 🦤
Apple’s commitment to providing regular software updates ensures that the iPad Pro remains a cutting-edge tool. These updates often include enhancements to security, productivity, and compatibility, ensuring that attorneys can rely on their devices to meet the demands of their practice.
Jeff shares that the iPad Pro is more than just a tablet; it’s a comprehensive tool that can significantly enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of legal practice. As Jeff Richardson emphasizes, embracing technology like the iPad Pro is not just about keeping up with trends but about leveraging these tools to provide better service to clients and improve overall practice management.
Enjoy and Happy Lawyering!
I can’t visit Chicago without stopping by one of my favorite apple stores!
Last week, I attended the ABA 2024 Annual Meeting in Chicago, focusing on the Artificial Intelligence (AI) sessions. This conference followed the release of the ABA’s Formal Opinion 512 on Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools. Over the past few years, the ABA has issued several opinions indirectly addressing AI:
ABA Formal Opinion 511 (May 8, 2024): Addressing confidentiality obligations when lawyers post to listservs, with implications for the use of large language models (LLMs) and generative AI.
ABA Formal Opinion 498 (March 10, 2021): Discussing the ethical implications of remote work, including the use of technology such as AI.
ABA Formal Opinion 482 (September 19, 2018): Addressing ethical obligations related to disasters, including the use of technology to continue providing legal services.
ABA Formal Opinion 477R (May 11, 2017, revised May 22, 2017): Providing guidance on securing communication of protected client information, including the use of technology such as AI.
Opinion 512 emphasizes that lawyers must balance the benefits of AI tools with their ethical obligations to ensure competent, confidential, and transparent client representation. I plan to delve deeper into Opinion 512 next week. The key takeaway is that as AI technology evolves, ongoing education and vigilance are crucial to maintaining high professional standards in the legal field. This is why I attended the ABA 2024 Conference!
Jayne R. Reardon, discussing the ethical and professional responsibility issues lawyers must be aware of when using AI for their work!
The first session I attended was "CLE in the City: AI Hot Topics Every Lawyer Needs to Know," hosted by Taft Law and moderated by Lucy L. Thompson, Principal at Livingston PLLC. The panel included:
Leighton Allen, Associate at Foley & Lardner, LLP.
Jayne R. Reardon, Ethics and Professional Responsibility Counsel
Magistrate Judge Gabriel A. Fuentes, U.S. Magistrate Judge, Northern District of Illinois
Josh Strickland, Corporate Vice President, Global Products, Motorola Solutions
Honorable E. Kenneth Wright, Jr., Presiding Judge, 1st Municipal District, Circuit Court of Cook County
Professor Daniel W. Linna, Jr., Director of Law and Technology Initiatives, Northwestern Pritzker School of Law, and McCormick School of Engineering
Jayne Reardon discussed the ethical considerations lawyers must address when using AI, covering issues from hallucinations to confidentiality. Judge Fuentes shared his journey from having a no-AI policy to realizing its impracticality, acknowledging that AI is already embedded in tools like spell check, grammar check, and legal research. Ultimately, the responsibility lies with the lawyer to verify their work before submission.
Access to Justice
Another significant topic was access to justice. Judge Wright emphasized the importance of helping economically disadvantaged individuals with their legal matters. When I asked the panel if they knew of any AI tools that were reliable, maintained client PII, and were free to the public, none could provide an example. The general consensus was that this is a significant hurdle in meeting access to justice needs.
AI in Legal Education
Legal experts debate AI ethics at the ABA 2024 Conference
Improving AI is being addressed through both education and development. Professor Linna mentioned that his school is teaching AI to law students, with law students and computer engineers collaborating on AI projects. This is promising, but it raises questions about how well other law schools are addressing this matter. Some schools are only beginning to teach basic automation functions in Microsoft Word, which has been around for decades. 🙄 This disparity highlights the challenge law schools face in keeping up with the rapidly changing technology landscape.
ABA Experts Session: Technology Issues
In this intimate gathering moderated by Anna Mercado Clark, Esq., CIPP/E, CIPP/US, CIPM, FIP, partner at Phillips Lytle LLP and co-leader of its Technology Industry Team, participants engaged in a candid discussion about the concerns surrounding technology in today's legal practice. A primary concern among attendees, including myself, was the impact of AI on the legal profession. Questions arose such as: Will AI replace the need for lawyers? How can lawyers stay updated on AI capabilities and limitations? Do lawyers need to incorporate AI into their practice? What are the courts' stances on AI usage, and to what extent is it permitted?
The discussion built on points from the earlier session but offered unique insights from participants like Justice Robert J. Torres Jr., Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Guam, and Manuel A. Quilichini García, President of the Puerto Rico Bar Association. They highlighted how AI is affecting lawyers, judges, and court systems, stressing the importance of practical, real-life experiences in integrating AI into legal practice. These real-world insights are crucial for lawyers to navigate the future competently and ethically.
This session on the ethics of generative AI, Moderated by Justice Torres, delved into the ethical implications and challenges posed by AI in the legal field. The panel included:
Hon. Samuel A. Thumma, Arizona Court of Appeals, Division One, who serves on the ABA's Judicial Division and Appellate Judges Conference Ethics & Professional Committees;
Hon. Kimberly Kim, Assistant Chief Administrative Judge of the California Public Utilities Commission, who serves on the Technology Committee of the AB's Judicial Division;
Hon. Jennifer A. Mabey, Utah District Court Judge;
Hon. Stephanie Domitrovich, PhD, Sr. Trial Court Judge of Pennsylvania state courts; and
Zach Warren from Thomson-Reuters
Lead by Justice Torres, A Panel discusses ethical challenges of AI for lawyers and judges.
This session delved into the ethical implications and challenges posed by AI in the legal field. The panel underscored the necessity for legal professionals to understand the capabilities and limitations of AI technologies to ensure they are used responsibly and ethically. Zach Warren started by providing the audience with a framework that defined key terms. The discussions then focused on maintaining client confidentiality, the accuracy of AI-generated information, and the potential biases embedded in AI systems. Several examples with multiple-choice answers highlighted real-life scenarios, evoking memories of the multi-state portion of the bar exam for some audience members. The program emphasized the importance of continuous education and ethical vigilance as lawyers integrate AI into their practices, ensuring that these technologies enhance rather than undermine the justice system.
Final Thoughts
The ABA 2024 Annual Conference underscored the critical role of AI in modern legal practice and the ethical considerations that come with it. AI is already a part of legal practice, from spell check and grammar check to legal research tools like LexisNexis, Westlaw, and Fastcase. Staying informed and adapting to these changes is essential for maintaining high professional standards and ensuring access to justice for all. If you and your firm are not keeping up with the acceleration of AI, you risk losing clients to more efficient firms, revenue, and scrutiny from your bar association regarding compliance with ethical standards.
MTC
Inspired by Nate Fakes at www.NateFakesCartoons.com
Its amazing how mobile technology has a grip on our daily lives, especially in the legal field! 😲
As it grows stronger, does it have global ambitions! 😳
Is SKYNET upon us‼️
Let’s hope not!!!
Software/Computer issues can cause Financial Impact of Rework & Downtime
The recent Crowdstrike software error that led to a global Microsoft Windows meltdown serves as a stark reminder of the financial and professional risks associated with technological failures. For lawyers, understanding these risks is crucial, as similar issues can have profound implications on our practice. Here are the key lessons lawyers can learn from this incident:
1. Financial Impact of Rework and Downtime ⏰💸
The Crowdstrike incident caused widespread disruption, leading to significant downtime for many businesses. For lawyers, such downtime can translate into substantial financial losses. When systems are down, work may need to be redone, deadlines can be missed, and billable hours can be lost. This can be particularly costly in legal practices where time is money.
2. Costs of Dealing with Bar Complaints and Ethics Requirements ⚖️📝
Lawyers are bound by strict ethical standards and are required to proactively report any issues that might affect their practice. The financial costs of dealing with bar complaints can be substantial. According to the American Bar Association, common disciplinary complaints include neglect, lack of communication, and misrepresentation - all that can be significantly impacted if a lawyer's computer system goes down. Defending against these complaints can involve significant legal fees, which can range from thousands to even millions of dollars in complex cases.
3. Potential Loss of Clients 👥🚫
The financial impact of losing clients due to technological failures cannot be overstated. Clients expect their lawyers to handle their matters efficiently and securely. A failure to do so, as seen with the Crowdstrike incident, can erode trust and lead to client attrition. This loss of business can have long-term financial repercussions, as acquiring new clients is often more costly than retaining existing ones.
4. Court Sanctions and Resulting Errors 🏛️❌
Software/computer downtime can create Costs of Dealing with Bar Complaints & Ethics Requirements
Errors resulting from technological failures can lead to court sanctions. These sanctions can include fines, adverse judgments, and even disqualification from representing clients in certain cases. For example, if a lawyer misses a filing deadline due to a system outage, the court may impose penalties that can be financially burdensome or worse yet negatively impact the case itself. Moreover, such errors can damage a lawyer's reputation, further impacting their practice.
5. Importance of Robust Technological Solutions 🛡️🔒
The Crowdstrike incident underscores the importance of having robust technological solutions in place. Lawyers should invest in reliable software and hardware and ensure that they have contingency plans for potential failures. This includes regular backups, cybersecurity measures, and having IT support readily available. By doing so, they can mitigate the risks of downtime and data loss, which can have severe financial consequences.
6. Legal Liability and Insurance 📊🔐
Lawyers should also be aware of their legal liability in the event of software failures. As seen in the Crowdstrike case, software defects can lead to lawsuits if they cause financial harm to clients. Lawyers should consider carrying the following:
Cyber Liability Insurance 🛡️💻
Cyber liability insurance is crucial for law firms to mitigate the financial impact of cyber-attacks and data breaches. This type of coverage typically includes:
Software/computer failures can cause the Potential Loss of Clients
Direct costs associated with data breaches and cyber attacks;
Crisis management expenses;
Income loss due to system downtime;
Costs of forensic investigations;
Payments to affected clients whose data was compromised;
Regulatory fines for non-compliance.
Cyber liability insurance can be divided into first-party coverage (for direct losses to the firm) and third-party coverage (for liability claims against the firm).
Professional Liability Insurance (Errors & Omissions) ⚖️📝
Also known as malpractice insurance, this coverage protects law firms from claims of negligence, errors, or omissions that cause financial harm to clients. In the context of computer failures, it can cover:
Missed deadlines due to technology issues;
Errors in legal work caused by software glitches;
Failure to deliver promised legal services due to system outages.
Technology Errors & Omissions (Tech E&O) Insurance 🖥️🔒
This specialized coverage combines elements of professional liability and cyber insurance, tailored for technology-related risks. For law firms, it can provide protection against:
Don’t risk Court Sanctions for a software/computer error - have a backup plan!
Software glitches causing loss of client data;
Equipment failures preventing client service;
Cloud-based service failures affecting data backup;
Website design issues.
Tech E&O insurance typically costs about $500 to $1,000 per year per employee.
Key Considerations for Law Firms 🔍💼
Comprehensive Risk Assessment: Conduct a thorough audit of your firm's cyber security threats to determine appropriate coverage levels;
Policy Comparison: Carefully review terms and conditions of different policies, understanding what incidents are covered and any exclusions;
Customization: Look for policies that can be tailored to your firm's specific needs and risk profile;
Risk Management Resources: Some insurers, like Travelers, offer risk management resources to help identify and manage professional liability risks;
Claims Handling: Consider insurers with specialized claims handling for legal professionals to ensure efficient resolution of any issues;
Coverage Limits: Evaluate appropriate coverage limits based on your firm's size, client base, and potential financial exposure;
Regulatory Compliance: Ensure your coverage meets any state or industry-specific requirements for data protection and professional liability.
By investing in a comprehensive insurance strategy that includes cyber liability, professional liability, and tech E&O coverage, law firms can significantly reduce their financial exposure to computer failures and related risks. This proactive approach not only protects the firm's bottom line but also helps maintain client trust and professional reputation in an increasingly technology-dependent legal landscape.
7. Proactive Communication and Transparency 🗣️📢
Importance of Robust Technological Solutions
Clear and proactive communication with clients is essential. In the event of a technological failure, lawyers should promptly inform their clients about the issue and the steps being taken to resolve it. This transparency can help maintain client trust and prevent misunderstandings that could lead to complaints or legal action. Additionally, documenting all communications can provide a defense in case of any disputes.
🎓🔍 The Crowdstrike software error serves as a powerful example of the potential financial and professional risks associated with technological failures. For lawyers, the lessons are clear: invest in reliable technology, maintain robust contingency plans, carry appropriate insurance, and communicate proactively with clients. By taking these steps, lawyers can protect their practice from the financial impact of similar incidents and uphold their professional obligations. 🛡️💼
No one was hurt in the production of this post! 😉
Remember when the phone cord doubled as a toy and a fashion accessory?
Today, our phones are detached from the wall, and our speakers are Bluetooth devices in our ears.
Kids might miss out on the joy of cord tangling, but at least they won't trip over the phone! 😄📱
MICHAEL D.J. EISENBERG IS A WASHINGTON, DC ATTORNEY WHO LOVES HIS TECH.
I've spent years helping lawyers—young and old—tackle their tech challenges. Now, I’m bringing that knowledge to a broader audience with this blog. My posts are inspired by real questions I’ve been asked and the trends shaping the future.
Whether you're a tech novice or a pro, you'll find practical insights here to streamline your legal practice and improve your daily life. Let’s make technology work for you, not against you. 😀
DISCLAIMER: I cannot and do not offer any guarantee of computer hardware, software, services, practice, etc. discussed in this blog. Use at your own risk. Further, I am not offering any legal advice nor do the discussions in this blog create an attorney-client relationship.
